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Come si finanziano i politici? Difficile dirlo se non si rispettano le regole

Chi finanzia le campagne elettorali dei singoli candidati? La risposta dovrebbe essere semplice perché ogni candidato, per legge, è tenuto a fare un resoconto economico e pubblico della propria campagna elettorale. Peccato che il modello di rendicontazione sia poco chiaro e dare una risposta quindi, molto difficile. 

Open Polis, con i dati pubblici resi dai candidati, ha provato a fare un sunto sui finanziamenti delle campagne elettorali de candidati in corsa nel 2013 ed è venuto fuori che in totale si parla di 4 milioni e mezzo di euro. Un dato parziale però, visto che sulla materia “rendicontazione” c’è ancora tanto da scoprire visto che mancano all’appello quasi un terzo delle dichiarazioni elettorali.

Il problema è che i documenti che non sono stati presentati, dovrebbero esserlo per legge. L’obbligo di rendicontazione vale anche in assenza di movimento economico, ovvero vale anche se il politico non ha avuto contributi. Deve infatti presentare una dichiarazione indicando “zero” alla voce “entrate”. Una situazione che tra l’altro interessa tantissimi candidati:

266 parlamentari (il 41% di quanti presentano il rendiconto elettorale) sono riusciti a farsi eleggere senza spendere un centesimo per propagandare la propria candidatura e le proprie idee, non un volantino, non una cena elettorale, non un banner su internet o una campagna su un social network.

Ma è la parte successiva relativa ai “terzi finanziatori” ad essere messa sotto la lente d’ingrandimento:

La quasi totalità dei politici nazionali copre i finanziatori della propria campagna elettorale. Sono solo 4, lo 0,4% del totale, i politici che non oscurano i soggetti da cui hanno preso soldi : Laura Garavini (Pd), Andrea Vallascas (M5S) , Mariastella Gelmini (Fi-Pdl) e Gian Luca Galletti (Ap).

Stando a quello che ufficialmente è stato dichiarato, le campagne elettorali dei singoli candidati sono state finanziate in larga parte da “terzi”, cioè da soggetti diversi sia dai partiti sia dai candidati stessi. Una definizione generica che non permette di capire se si tratti di privati, aziende o altro tipo di persone giuridiche.